Everyone has heard of Cinco de Mayo at one point, but only some know the history behind this day. Cinco de Mayo, often confused with Mexican Independence Day (September 16th), Celebrates their victory over the French at the Battle of Puebla in 1862. 

The Battle of Puebla

Benito Juarez came to the presidency in Mexico in January of 1861. Upon election, Juarez faced three serious problems. The Congress didn't trust him, Mexico's opposing forces remained intact, and Mexico's treasury was empty. Tasked with finding a solution to these problems, Juarez decided to suspend payment to all foreign debts for two years in July of 1861. 

As a safeguard for their investments, England, Spain, and France sent troops to Veracruz to intervene. However, England and Spain withdrew their troops upon realizing France intended to conquer Mexico.

The Cry of Dolores

The Cry of Dolores (Grito de Dolores) marks the anniversary of priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declaring war against the Spanish government in 1810. In his speech, Miguel chanted against the Spanish government. Every year, the president of Mexico begins the Independence Day ceremony with a reenactment of this day. 

At 11 PM, the president goes to the National Palace's balcony and rings the same bell for Miguel's speech. He shouts patriotism based on the Cry of Dolores, ending with three shouts of “¡Viva Mexico!”.

Sources:

https://www.si.edu/stories/real-history-cinco-de-mayo

https://www.history.com/topics/holidays/cinco-de-mayo

https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/september-16/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benito-Juarez

https://www.bells.org/blog/what-mexico-grito-de-dolores